![]() ![]() As with other mammal ruminants, they are even-toed ungulates. They have a four-chambered stomach consisting of the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum, and the abomasum. Their horns are made of living bone surrounded by keratin and other proteins, and are used for defense, dominance, and territoriality. Breeding together two genetically polled goats results in a high number of intersex individuals among the offspring, which are typically sterile. Unlike cattle, goats have not been successfully bred to be reliably polled, as the genes determining sex and those determining horns are closely linked. There have been incidents of polycerate goats (having as many as eight horns), although this is a genetic rarity thought to be inherited. Most goats naturally have two horns, of various shapes and sizes depending on the breed. At the bottom of the size range are miniature breeds such as the African Pygmy, which stand 41 to 58 cm (16 to 23 in) at the shoulder as adults. Within each breed, different strains or bloodlines may have different recognized sizes. Anatomy and healthĮach recognized breed of goat has specific weight ranges, which vary from over 140 kg (300 lb) for bucks of larger breeds such as the Boer, to 20 to 27 kg (45 to 60 lb) for smaller goat does. It has also been used to produce parchment. ![]() Historically, goat hide has been used for water and wine bottles in both traveling and transporting wine for sale. Studies of DNA evidence suggests 10,000 years ago as the domestication date. ![]() Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in Jericho, Choga Mami, Djeitun, and Çayönü, dating the domestication of goats in Western Asia at between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago. The earliest remnants of domesticated goats dating 10,000 years Before Present are found in Ganj Dareh in Iran. Neolithic farmers began to herd wild goats primarily for easy access to milk and meat, as well as to their dung, which was used as fuel and their bones, hair, and sinew were used for clothing, building, and tools. The most recent genetic analysis confirms the archaeological evidence that the wild bezoar ibex of the Zagros Mountains is the likely original ancestor of probably all domestic goats today. Goats are among the earliest animals domesticated by humans. Main article: Evolution of domestic goats Horn cores from the Neolithic village of Atlit Yam Skeleton (Capra hircus) While the words hircine and caprine both refer to anything having a goat-like quality, hircine is used most often to emphasize the distinct smell of domestic goats. įemale goats are referred to as does or nannies, intact males are called bucks or billies, and juvenile goats of both sexes are called kids. Nanny goat (females) originated in the 18th century, and billy goat (for males) originated in the 19th century. Dutch/ Frisian bok and giving modern buck) until ousted by hegote, hegoote in the late 12th century. To refer to the male goat, Old English used bucca (cf. ![]() Dutch/ Frisian/ Icelandic/ Norwegian geit, German Geiß, and Gothic gaits), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰaidos meaning "young goat" (cf. The Modern English word goat comes from Old English gāt "she-goat, goat in general", which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic * gaitaz (cf. In 2011, there were more than 924 million goats living in the world, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Milk from goats is often turned into goat cheese. Goats have been used for milk, meat, fur, and skins across much of the world. Goat-herding is an ancient tradition that is still important in places such as Egypt. It is one of the oldest domesticated species of animal, according to archaeological evidence that its earliest domestication occurred in Iran at 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago. There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat. The goat is a member of the animal family Bovidae and the tribe Caprini, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. aegagrus) of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. It was domesticated from the wild goat ( C. The goat or domestic goat ( Capra hircus) is a domesticated species of goat-antelope typically kept as livestock. ![]()
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